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Climate change and weather shocks pose major challenges for household income security and well-being, especially for smallholder farmers' communities. In such communities, imperfect risk insurance and labor markets may induce households to use traditional institutions such as polygyny to harness their size and composition to their resilience strategies against these shocks. This paper tests this hypothesis by analyzing how polygyny's interaction with droughts affects crop yields. For identification, the paper relies on the spatial variation in polygyny's prevalence across Mali's rural communes and the randomness of drought episodes. The findings show that polygynous communities are more resilient to drought-induced crop failure. Exploration of the mechanisms shows that polygynous communities diversify their income sources more than monogamous ones, including via child marriage'a phenomenon known to undermine women's outcomes. As the literature links polygyny to underdevelopment, interventions to eliminate it should make formal resilience and adaptation strategies available to drought-prone communities. Failure to do so may entrench political opposition to enforcing a ban on polygyny and child marriage.

Agriculture --- Child Marriage --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Climate Shocks --- Crop Yield --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Culture and Development --- Drought --- Gender --- Gender and Rural Development --- Polygamy --- Resilience Strategy

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"A study of Princess Dara Rasami, one of 153 royal consorts to the king of Thailand, that reveals the central roles played by women in the political dynamics of both the nascent Thai nation and Southeast Asia, shedding light on ethnic difference and gender relations in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Thailand"--

HISTORY / Asia / Southeast Asia --- Sex role --- Polygyny --- Ethnicity --- Political aspects --- History --- Thailand --- Polygamy --- Harems --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Tʻai-kuo --- Hsien-lo --- Muang-Thai --- Thaimaa --- Prates Thai --- Prades Thai --- Thaïlande --- Kingdom of Thailand --- Prathēt Thai --- Tailand --- Thailandia --- Thajsko --- Royal Thai Government --- Ratcha Anachak Thai --- Koninkryk van Thailand --- تايلاند --- Tāylānd --- Tailandia --- Reino de Tailandia --- Tayilande --- Royômo de Tayilande --- Tayland Krallığı --- Pratet Tai --- Thài-kok --- Тайланд --- Каралеўства Тайланд --- Karaleŭstva Taĭland --- Tailandya --- Tajland --- Kraljevina Tajland --- Кралство Тайланд --- Kralstvo Taĭland --- Siam --- Thai royal concubines, Siam royal consorts, women in Thai history, Lanna history, Thai crypto-colonialism, King Chulalongkorn's reign. --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles